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《制高点 - 世界经济之战》[RMVB]




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更新时间:2011年12月27日

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中文名制高点 - 世界经济之战
英文名Commanding Heights - The Battle for the World Economy
资源格式RMVB
版本添加AVI版本
发行时间2002年
主持人Daniel Yergin
Joseph Stanislaw
地区美国
语言英语
简介

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“制高点”是普利策纪实文学奖得主丹尼尔.耶尔金教授的一部财经巨著,被西方媒体誉为我们这个时代经济制度的编年史,对包括中国在内的世界各国的经济改革都具有极高的指导意义。“制高点”通过对大量历史人物和历史事件的生动叙述为我们绘制了一幅从政府到市场演变过程的全景图。

20世纪80年代是全球改革的年代,在西方,撒切尔和里根以激进变革的方式结束了英美国家对市场严格管制,政府撤出了管理经济的制高点,从此,以竞争和开放的自由市场经济体制主导西方主流的经济学家的制高点。在东方,邓小平所推行的渐进式经济改革创造性把社会主义和市场经济的概念结合起来,探寻政府和市场的边界,平稳的在全球经济一体化的过程中,为中国造就了21世纪的经济奇迹。一个世纪,人们一直争论究竟哪种经济模式让人类真正受益是市场还是政府主导?目前 ,许多力量正推动着从国家控制到市场控制的转变。然而,从根本上说,这种转变还需要信仰和观念的重塑拋弃传统的对国家的信仰,走向对市场更大的信心。

为您讲述一个世纪来政府和市场纠葛的故事,讲述思想进化斗争的故事,以及其中的历史风云人物传奇。

叶尔金是一位敏锐的观察家,对地缘政治、全球化和能源市场三者之间的相互影响有着深刻的理解。他和约瑟夫·斯坦尼斯瓦夫(Joseph Stanislaw)合着的最新力作《制高点:世界经济之战》(Commanding Heights:The Battle for the World Economy),追溯了第一次世界大战至今的全球化历程。

大师级的作品
Interview的重要人物有 弗里德里希 冯 哈耶克 还有刚刚辞世的 米尔顿 弗里德曼
新古典经济学派(芝加哥学派)和凯恩斯主义的20世纪之争,现在还在延续……


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Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy is a book by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw, first published as The Commanding Heights: The Battle Between Government and the Marketplace That Is Remaking the Modern World in 1998. In 2002, it was turned into a documentary of the same title, and later released on DVD.

Commanding Heights attempts to trace the rise of free markets during the last century, as well as the process of globalization. It takes its title from a speech by Vladimir Lenin, who used the phrase "commanding heights" to refer to the segments and industries in an economy that effectively control and support the others, such as oil, railroads, banking and steel.

Overview
The authors take the thesis that, prior to World War I, the world effectively lived in a state of globalization, which they term the "First Era of Globalization." They define globalization as periods where free markets predominate, and countries place few if any limits on imports, exports, immigration and exchanges of information. Overall, they see globalization as a positive movement that improves the standard of living for all the people connected to it, from the richest to poorest.

They argue that 1914 and World War I ended this first global era. The rise of fascism and communism, not to mention the Great Depression, nearly extinguished capitalism, which rapidly lost popularity.

After World War II, the authors believe the work of economist John Maynard Keynes came to be accepted as gospel around the world. While a capitalist, he also believed in government regulation of the economy, and Keynes's great influence and prestige also hindered the rise of another era of globalization. The so-called "commanding heights" were often owned or severely regulated by governments, in line with Keynes's ideas.

However, this trend changed when Margaret Thatcher became prime minister of the United Kingdom, and when Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States. Both these leaders supposedly parted ways with Keynesian economics. Rather, they supported the work of Friedrich von Hayek, who stridently opposed government regulation, tariffs, and other infringements on a pure free market, and Milton Friedman, who emphasized using monetary policy to influence rates of economic growth.

While Thatcher, Reagan, and their successors made sweeping reforms, the authors argue that the current era of globalization finally began around 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then, they argue, countries embracing free markets have prospered, while those adhering to central planning have failed.

While strongly in favor of this trend, the authors worry that globalization will not last. More specifically, they believe that if inequality in economic growth remains high, and if Third World nations are not offered the proper opportunities and incentives to support capitalismÄ, the movement will end just as the first era did.

The reason the authors place so much emphasis on narrowing economic gaps is because they believe, against many of the people they interview, that there is no ideological support for capitalism, only the pragmatic fact that the system works better than any other. As they remark:

The market also requires something else: legitimacy. But here it faces an ethical conundrum. It is based upon contracts, rules, and choice -- in short, on self-restraint -- which contrasts mightily with other ways of organizing economic activity. Yet a system that takes the pursuit of self-interest and profit as its guiding light does not necessarily satisfy the yearning in the human soul for belief and some higher meaning beyond materialism. In the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s, Republican soldiers are said to have died with the word "Stalin" on their lips. Their idealized vision of Soviet communism, however misguided, provided justification for their ultimate sacrifice. Few people would die with the words "free markets" on their lips.
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